• Operational excellence: Copper equivalent (CuEq) production rose 8% YoY in 2025
• Iron ore: Pilbara operations achieved record Q4 production and shipments
• Copper: Annual production grew 11% YoY, exceeding the top end of guidance

Rio Tinto released its fourth quarter 2025 production results, highlighting standout operational performance across its portfolio. Copper equivalent (CuEq) production rose 8% year-on-year in 2025, driven by the strong ramp-up of Oyu Tolgoi, a record year for bauxite production, and growth in the company's lithium business. In the Pilbara, the iron ore operations achieved record quarterly production and shipments, with a 4% and 7% increase respectively compared to Q4 2024. The company also celebrated the major milestone of first shipment from the Simandou project in Guinea. Annual copper production grew 11% year-on-year, exceeding the top end of the increased guidance range. This was driven by the successful ramp-up of Oyu Tolgoi, where the underground development project is now complete. The company also demonstrated production strength and agility across the aluminium value chain in 2025. In lithium, Rio Tinto achieved record quarterly production from its operating assets in Argentina. Looking ahead, the company's 2026 production guidance remains unchanged from its Capital Markets Day 2025 disclosures, with the exception of iron ore, titanium dioxide, and borates, where strategic reviews are underway. The company will provide 2025 unit cost performance and 2026 guidance in its full-year 2025 results release.

Copper production (consolidated) is expected to grow circa 10% year-on-year from operated assets in 2026.